Egypt's civilization can be traced back to the Time three hundred years before and after the advent of modernity, though there is no agreement on its origins. Egypt's sequential conquest of Persia, Greece, and Rome ushered in the Graeco-Roman Period. During this period of Roman expansion, polytheistic religions predominated, monotheistic faiths emerged, Greek philosophy saw into science and technology, and diverse cultures coexisted in a tolerant atmosphere.

Egypt was the oldest civilization in the Graeco-Roman world. Throughout the ancient world, there were significant civil disturbances. Scholars, historians, and explorers flocked to the place to document its disappearance. They also saw the last breath of the unwavering devotion, unparalleled dignity, and extraordinary approach to existence that had lived in the memory of Time. Despite its geographical and political isolation, Egypt also experienced a unique artistic synthesis that allowed the dissemination of Egyptian ideas previously inaccessible.